ABSTRACT
It is critical to create an inclusive online learning environment for students with diverse demographic information studying in different environments, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic when they are disconnected from peers. Guided to create an inclusive online learning community by situated learning theory and community of practice, both of which advocate learning in context and community, we invited 115 undergraduate students to post photos related to environmental psychology concepts and their surrounding environments and discussed their postings on Instagram over eight weeks. To understand the inclusiveness of the community and students' perception, we collected their posts by searching designated hashtags and interviewed representatives of participants using a stratified sampling strategy. Through network analysis of 272 posts and qualitative analysis of 22 in-depth interviews, we found that when participants shared and discussed their surroundings and environmental psychology concepts on Instagram, their learning community was inclusive regarding gender, ethnicity, and program. Student participants' centrality and influence were more relevant to whether and how they expressed their identities in the community through posts. We further discuss how our findings could inform to create inclusive and active communities in the future. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
It is critical to create an inclusive online learning environment for students with diverse demographic information studying in different environments, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic when they are disconnected from peers. Guided to create an inclusive online learning community by situated learning theory and community of practice, both of which advocate learning in context and community, we invited 115 undergraduate students to post photos related to environmental psychology concepts and their surrounding environments and discussed their postings on Instagram over eight weeks. To understand the inclusiveness of the community and students' perception, we collected their posts by searching designated hashtags and interviewed representatives of participants using a stratified sampling strategy. Through network analysis of 272 posts and qualitative analysis of 22 in‐depth interviews, we found that when participants shared and discussed their surroundings and environmental psychology concepts on Instagram, their learning community was inclusive regarding gender, ethnicity, and program. Student participants' centrality and influence were more relevant to whether and how they expressed their identities in the community through posts. We further discuss how our findings could inform to create inclusive and active communities in the future. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic? The definition of inclusive education extends to diversity and accessibility. Social media can support online learning communities. What this paper adds? It explores the inclusiveness of an Instagram‐based learning community using network analysis. It suggests expressing identities in a learning community helps promote inclusiveness. Implications of this study for practice and/or policy It provides information to education practitioners that will help them create inclusive and active communities through social media. It explores the possibility of analysing the inclusiveness of a learning community through social network analysis. What is already known about this topic? The definition of inclusive education extends to diversity and accessibility. Social media can support online learning communities. What this paper adds? It explores the inclusiveness of an Instagram‐based learning community using network analysis. It suggests expressing identities in a learning community helps promote inclusiveness. Implications of this study for practice and/or policy It provides information to education practitioners that will help them create inclusive and active communities through social media. It explores the possibility of analysing the inclusiveness of a learning community through social network analysis. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of British Journal of Educational Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Evidence of glucocorticoids on viral clearance delay of COVID-19 patients is not clear. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for studies on Medline, Embase, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2019 to April 20, 2021. We mainly pooled the risk ratios (RRs) and mean difference (MD) for viral clearance delay and did subgroup analyses by the severity of illness and doses of glucocorticoids. RESULTS: 38 studies with a total of 9572 patients were identified. Glucocorticoids treatment was associated with delayed viral clearance in COVID-19 patients (adjusted RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.80, I2 = 52%), based on moderate-quality evidence. In subgroup analyses, risk of viral clearance delay was significant both for COVID-19 patients being mild or moderate ill (adjusted RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.57, I2 = 48%), and for patients of being severe or critical ill (adjusted RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.07, I2 = 0%); however, this risk significantly increased for patients taking high doses (unadjusted RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.18; MD 7.19, 95% CI 2.78 to 11.61) or medium doses (adjusted RR 1.86, 95% CI 0.96 to 3.62, I2 = 45%; MD 3.98, 95% CI 3.07 to 4.88, I2 = 4%), rather those taking low doses (adjusted RR 1.38, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.02, I2 = 59%; MD 1.46, 95% CI -0.79 to 3.70, I2 = 82%). CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoids treatment delayed viral clearance in COVID-19 patients of taking high doses or medium doses, rather in those of taking low doses of glucocorticoids.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Glucocorticoids , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The response to glucocorticoids treatment may be different between coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched studies on Medline, Embase, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from 2002 to October 7, 2020. We used fixed-effects and random-effects models to compute the risk ratio of death in the group receiving glucocorticoids treatment and the control group for COVID-19 and SARS, respectively. RESULTS: Ten trials and 71 observational studies, with a total of 45,935 patients, were identified. Glucocorticoids treatment was associated with decreased all-cause mortality both in COVID-19 (risk ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.94; I2â=â26%) and SARS (0.48; 0.29-0.79; 10%), based on high-quality evidence, as well as decreased all-cause mortality-including composite outcome of COVID-19 (0.89; 0.82-0.98; 0%). In subgroup analyses, all-cause mortality was significantly lower among COVID-19 patients being accompanied by severe ARDS but not mild ARDS, taking low-dose or pulse glucocorticoids, being critically severe but not only severe, being of critical severity and old but not young, being of critical severity and men but not women, non-early taking glucocorticoids, taking dexamethasone or methylprednisolone, and with the increased inflammatory state; but for SARS, lower mortality was observed among those who were taking medium-high dose glucocorticoids, being severe or critically severe, early taking glucocorticoids, and taking methylprednisolone or prednisolone. CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoids treatment reduced mortality in COVID-19 and SARS patients of critical severity; however, different curative effects existed between the two diseases among subpopulations, mainly regarding sex- and age-specific effects, optimal doses, and use timing of glucocorticoids.